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Romain Mauger

Water-Energy-Food: Legal and Policy Frameworks in the European Union and South Africa

Updated: Apr 19, 2023

The project’s legal team, composed of researchers from the Faculties of Law at the North-West University (South Africa) and at the University of Groningen (The Netherlands), has worked together to assemble the Baseline Report on the Water-Energy-Food Communities Legal and Policy Frameworks in the European Union and South Africa.


The report’s executive summary, available below, conveys the key messages from this comprehensive work. It presents the legal regime for energy communities in European Union (EU) law, as it serves as an inspiration for the idea of Water-Energy-Food (WEF) communities. The bulk of the research is composed of an in-depth analysis of the South African legal and policy framework looking at water, energy and food, with a social justice lens. As a result, we identified a series of barriers (lack of definitions, lack of WEF integrated policies, lack of financial support, etc.) and opportunities (such as existing legal forms, especially in the water sector) for the potential setting up of WEF communities.

Enjoy the reading, and don’t hesitate to contact us via the contact form if you want to exchange on the report.




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